WSL + Python 3.11 + PyCharm + GUI 中文开发环境配置指南

适用于 Ubuntu 20.04/22.04 + Python 3.11 + PyCharm 专业版 + 中文 GUI 支持

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🧱 一、WSL 基础环境准备

1. 安装 Ubuntu

wsl --install -d Ubuntu-20.04

2. 更新系统

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y

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🐍 二、安装 Python 3.11（源码编译）

1. 安装依赖

sudo apt install -y make build-essential libssl-dev zlib1g-dev 
libbz2-dev libreadline-dev libsqlite3-dev wget curl llvm 
libncursesw5-dev xz-utils tk-dev libxml2-dev libxmlsec1-dev libffi-dev liblzma-dev

2. 下载并编译 Python 3.11

cd /tmp
wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.11.9/Python-3.11.9.tgz
tar -xvf Python-3.11.9.tgz
cd Python-3.11.9
./configure --enable-optimizations
make -j$(nproc)
sudo make altinstall

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🧪 三、安装 pip & venv 支持

python3.11 -m ensurepip
python3.11 -m pip install --upgrade pip
sudo apt install -y python3.11-venv

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🧰 四、设置 Python 3.11 为默认解释器（可选）

sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python python /usr/local/bin/python3.11 1
sudo update-alternatives --config python

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🐍 五、创建并使用虚拟环境（推荐）

python3.11 -m venv ~/py311-env
source ~/py311-env/bin/activate

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🧠 六、PyCharm 中配置解释器（WSL 模式）

1. 打开设置：Settings > Python Interpreter > Add Interpreter
2. 选择 WSL
3. 输入解释器路径：

   /usr/local/bin/python3.11

或选择虚拟环境：

/home/<用户名>/py311-env/bin/python

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🌐 七、配置中文显示（终端 + GUI）

sudo apt install -y language-pack-zh-hans fonts-noto-cjk fonts-wqy-zenhei fonts-wqy-microhei
echo 'export LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8' >> ~/.bashrc
echo 'export LANGUAGE=zh_CN:zh' >> ~/.bashrc
echo 'export LC_ALL=zh_CN.UTF-8' >> ~/.bashrc
source ~/.bashrc
sudo chmod 700 /run/user/1000

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💻 八、安装常用 Python 模块

python3.11 -m pip install PyQt5 qdarkstyle pyvista pyvistaqt cryptography psutil

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🧪 九、测试中文 GUI 窗口

from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QLabel
from PyQt5.QtGui import QFont

app = QApplication([])
label = QLabel("你好，世界！PyQt5 + 中文")
label.setFont(QFont("Noto Sans CJK SC", 16))
label.show()
app.exec_()

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🧩 十、一键检测 Python 版本脚本

cat <<'EOF' > ~/check_python_versions.sh
#!/bin/bash
echo "📦 已安装 Python 版本："
compgen -c python3 | sort -u | while read cmd; do
    which $cmd 2>/dev/null | grep -E '^/' | xargs -I {} bash -c 'echo -n "{} -> "; {} --version 2>/dev/null'
done
echo ""
echo "✅ 推荐给 PyCharm 的解释器："
if [ -x /usr/local/bin/python3.11 ]; then
    echo "/usr/local/bin/python3.11"
fi
EOF

chmod +x ~/check_python_versions.sh

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⚙️ 附加：自动安装脚本版本（推荐一键执行）

保存为 auto_setup.sh：

cat <<'EOF' > ~/auto_setup.sh
#!/bin/bash
sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y make build-essential libssl-dev zlib1g-dev 
libbz2-dev libreadline-dev libsqlite3-dev wget curl llvm 
libncursesw5-dev xz-utils tk-dev libxml2-dev libxmlsec1-dev libffi-dev liblzma-dev 
language-pack-zh-hans fonts-noto-cjk fonts-wqy-zenhei fonts-wqy-microhei python3.11-venv

cd /tmp
wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.11.9/Python-3.11.9.tgz
tar -xvf Python-3.11.9.tgz
cd Python-3.11.9
./configure --enable-optimizations
make -j$(nproc)
sudo make altinstall

python3.11 -m ensurepip
python3.11 -m pip install --upgrade pip
python3.11 -m pip install PyQt5 qdarkstyle pyvista pyvistaqt cryptography psutil

echo 'export LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8' >> ~/.bashrc
echo 'export LANGUAGE=zh_CN:zh' >> ~/.bashrc
echo 'export LC_ALL=zh_CN.UTF-8' >> ~/.bashrc
source ~/.bashrc
sudo chmod 700 /run/user/1000

python3.11 -m venv ~/py311-env
EOF

chmod +x ~/auto_setup.sh

执行：

bash ~/auto_setup.sh